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natural resources: nickel, copper, oil, cobalt.
Labrador is the second largest producer of nickel in the world. St. John’s – the capital of the province.
4. Nova Scotia
Entered Confederation: 1 July 1867
Area: 55,491 sq km
Location: a 380 mi long peninsula at the Atlantic Coast
Population: 930,000
Provincial symbols:
• the mayflower
• the osprey Fishing remains important.
Major moneymakers are: mining, shipbuilding, tourism, crafts.
Agriculture is a significant part of the economy. The main products are: dairying, fruit, Christmas trees. Halifax – the capital of the province.
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5. Prince Edward Island
Entered Confederation: 1 July 1873
Area: 5,657sq km
Location: is separated from the mainland by a strait
Population: 131,600
Provincial symbols:
• the common lady’s slipper
• the blue jay It’s primarily a farming community because of good red soil. They grow potatoes and sold it all over the country.
Fishing is also important.
Tourism is a growing industry. The quiet, gently rolling hills with good beaches attract a lot of tourists. Charlottetown – the capital of the province.
6. New Brunswick
Entered Confederation: 1 July 1867
Area: 73,437 sq km
Location: along the Atlantic Coast
Population: 723,900
Provincial symbols:
• the purple violet
• the chickadee It’s largely forested.
Two of the main industries are: Lumber and pulp and paper operations.
Fishing, manufacturing and minerals are also important. Fredericton – the capital of the province.
7. Manitoba
“great spirit” “Manito Waba”
Entered Confederation: 15 July 1870
Area: 650,090 sq km
Location: between Ontario and Saskatchewan
Population: 1,091,942
Provincial symbols:
• the prairie crocus
• the grey owl The western edge is best for farming.
Wheat is the major agricultural product.
Manufacturing is the main source of income.
Food processing and clothing factories are important.
In the northern Shield area there are rich deposits of gold, copper, nickel, zinc. Winnipeg – the capital of the province.
8. Saskatchewan
“river which turns around when it runs”
Entered Confederation: 1 September 1905
Area: 651,903 sq km The south is flat.
It’s the greatest grower of wheat in North America.
It produces 2/3 of Canada’s crop.
Other agricultural products: barley, rye, sunflowers, beef cattle.
In the north there are 100,000 lakes. Regina – the capital of the province.
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Location: between Manitoba and Alberta
Population: 988,928
Provincial symbols:
• the lily
• the sharp-tailed grouse It has the richest potash deposits in the world.
Oil mining brings a lot of money.
9. Alberta
Entered Confederation: 1 September 1905
Area: 661,185 sq km
Location: between British Columbia and Saskatchewan
Population: 2,545,550
Provincial symbols:
• the wild rose
• the lodgepole pine
• the great horned owl
• the big horned sheep In the east – the Canadian prairies.
It has very fertile agricultural land. They produce wheat, barley, rye and beef.
In the north – rivers, lakes and forests.
Manufacturing industries: timber and pulp industry, mining minerals (oil, natural gas, coking coal).
Tourism is the third highest source of profit.
Edmonton – the capital of the province.
It’s on the North Saskatchewan River.
It’s the ninth largest city in Canada.
It has one of the largest airports in the country.
The Canadian National Railway passes through the city.
There are numerous industries there.
The University of Alberta is here.
Calgary (“clear running water”) is the center of Canada’ greatest ranching area.
It’s the administrative and financial center of Canada’s oil industry.
It’s a cultural and educational center: the University of Alberta, Provincial Institute of Technology and Art, Mount Royal College, Allied Arts Centre, Philarmonic Orchestra, Jubilee Auditorium, an aquarium.
10. British Columbia
Entered Confederation: 20 July 1871
Area: 948,596 sq km
Location: Pacific Coast, is warmed by the Japanese Current
Population: 3,282,065
Provincial symbols:
• the Pacific dogwood
• the blue-black Stellar’s jay In the east – Rocky Mountains.
In the north – mountain ranges, forests, lakes.
In the south – a small desert.
The major industries: forestry, tourism, mining, hydroelectric power, agriculture and fishing.
Victoria – the capital of the province.
Vancouver is the largest city in the province.
It’s a major manufacturing and financial center.
It has a symphony orchestra, an art gallery, a summer theatre.
The annual Vancouver Festival of the Arts has been held here since 1958.
Territories
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1. Yukon Territory
Area: 483,450 sq km
Location: a sub-Arctic region
Population: 31,500
Territorial symbol:
• the fireweed Gold was found in the tributary of the Klondike River.
The most important industry is mining with gold, lead and zink.
The second biggest moneymaker is tourism.
Other industries: fishing, forestry, furs. Whitehorse – the capital of the territory.
It’s the main distribution and transport center of the Yukon.
It’s a government center.
2. Northwest Territories
Area: 3,426,320 sq km
Location: from the Yukon to Greenland, north of Arctic Circle, many islands of the Arctic Ocean
Population: 64,000
Territorial symbol:
• the mountain avens
• the jack pine
• the gyrfalcon
• the polar bear 3 districts:
1. Mackenzie (the most developed),
2. Franklin,
3. Keewatin.
The major source of income is mining with zink, gold, lead.
1990s the beginning of industrial diamond exploration.
Other sources of income include fish, fur, handicrafts.
Yellowknife – the capital of the territory.
Inuvik.
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