Австралия

Министерство образования Российской Федерации

Департамент образования и науки Самарской области

Государственное учреждение

среднего профессионального образования

Чапаевский Губернский колледж

AUSTRALIA

Проектная работа

по дисциплине анг. язык

студентки II курса

204 группы специальности 2203

Программное обеспечение ВТ и АС

Рожновой Евгении Павловны

Руководитель: Аджиева Е.Ю.

проектная работа защищена:

"____" __________ 2004 г.

_______(оценка)__________(подпись)

Чапаевск, 2004 г.

Содержание

1. Beginning 3

2. History of Australia 4

3. Part I 5

3.1 Geographical situation. Area 5

3.2 Relief 5

3.3 Climate 5

3.4 Animal world of Australia 5

4. Part II 6

4.1 Big cities and industries 6

4.2 The Agriculture 6

5 Part III 7

5.1. The Population 7

5.2. The political position 7

6. Dingo — Australian Wild Dog 8

7. The Strange World of Australian Animals 9

8. Some Facts About Australia 10

9. The Aboriginal Population in Australia 11

10. The map of Australia 12

11. The pictures 13

12. Finishing 14

13. The lisn of literature 15

1. Beginning

I decided to write about this country, because the animal world of Australia is very interesting. Australia has been called "the land of differences and the continent of contrast". Also the history is interesting too. I think, that this country is very beautiful, and you must to know about her all facts. The map help to you to learn this country.

2. History of Australia

The east coast of Australia was discovered by Captain Cook in 1770, It was then first used as a colony for convicts !.

Other settlements of a few free settlers began to appear. Of these settlements Sydney was the most im¬portant; but other smaller settlements for convicts were in Tasmania, at Brisbane, and on the Swan River in Western Australia.

The early settlers were very cruel2 to the aborigines *, the people who have lived in Australia from the earliest times. They were killed or driven away from their lands.

The discovery of gold in 1851 brought very many people to Australia and the character of the colony began to change. But still, the raising3 of sheep was for a long time the most important occupation for the Australians.

Towards the end of the 19th century, the Australian colonies began to discuss some form of union. They formed a federation, the new constitution was introduced on January 1, 1901; and the birth4 of the new nation was celebrated.

3. Part I

3.1 Geographical situation. Area

The Commonwealth of Australia is a federal state within the Commonwealth. Its territories are the continent of Australia, the island of Tasmania and a number of smaller islands. It has an area of about eight million square kilometers.

3.2 Relief

The continent of Australia is mostly a great plain with mountains in the east and south-east. The western part of the continent forms a plateau which occupies half of the continent. The Central Lowlands, a great part of which is very dry, lie between the Western Australian plateau and the Eastern Highlands. Through the eastern part of these Central Lowlands run Australia's greatest rivers, the Murray and the Darling. A number of short rivers flow from the Australian Alps and the Blue Moun¬tains into the Pacific Ocean.

3.3 Climate

Australia has several different climatic regions, from warm to subtropical and tropical. There are tropical forests in the north-east because the winds from the sea bring heavy rainfalls, especially in tropical summer. The climate in the west is very dry and more than half of Australia . gets very little rain. In the south-west and east the winds bring rain in winter.

3.4 Animal world of Australia

The tropical forests in the north and north-east are displaced by savanna or grassland. In the south-east and on the sides of the mountains there are forests of eucalyptus and other evergreen trees. There are two hot deserts in the central and western parts of the continent. There are many wild animals in Australia. Some of them, such as the kangaroo, the dingo, or wild dog, and the koala, are not found in any other country of

the world.

4. Part II

4.1 Big cities and industries

There are five big cities in Australia: Sydney, Mel¬bourne, Adelaide, Perth and Brisbane. Each city is the capital of the state in which it is situated. Sydney has about three million inhabitants, Melbourne has about two and a half million, the other cities are much smaller.

Australia is rich in minerals, which are mined l in different parts of the country, especially in Western Aus¬tralia and in the north-east of the country.

Most of the factories are concentrated in or around the big cities. They produce goods for the motor-car, machine-building, clothing and food industries. Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide, Brisbane and Perth are the country's main ports.

4.2 The Agriculture

Agriculture is the main occupation in Australia. Wheat is grown in the south and in the grassland region.

Sugar is produced along the north-east coast, while fruit-growing is developed in the south.

Australia is famous for its sheep. The great sheep-farms are called sheep stations. They are found in many parts of the country. Cattle-farming is also developed in the Northern Territory, in some parts of Western Australia, along the east coast and in the south.

5 Part III

5.1. The Population

Today there are about fifteen million people in Aus¬tralia; most of them are of British origin.

At the end of the 18th century there were 300,000 aborigines in the country. There are now only 40,000 full aborigines and 39,000 part aborigines who live mainly in the tropical and desert areas.

5.2. The political position

The Commonwealth of Australia is a self-governing federal state and a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. Formally the head of the state is the King or Queen of England represented by the Governor-General. The Commonwealth of Australia consists of six states and two territories: New South Wales, Victoria, Queens¬land, South Australia, Western Australia, Tasmania, the Federal Capital Territory and the Northern Territory. The Capital Territory is the land around the Federal Capital, Canberra.

The states run such things as education, police, health, railway and roads; the Commonwealth looks after the army, posts and telegraph, relations with other coun¬tries.

Australia has a parliament in each state and the Federal, Parliament of the Commonwealth at Canberra. The Federal Parliament consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The federal government of the country is headed by the Prime Minister, usually the leader of the party which has the majority in the House of Representatives. The political parties represented in the parliament are the Australian Labour Party, the liberal Party of Australia and National Agrarian Party.

6. Dingo — Australian Wild Dog

The dingo is one of Australia's wild animals. It is a wild dog which kills other animals at night. It fills the silent night air with its terrible cries. It attacks and kills sheep, which are much easier to kill than kangaroos or other wild animals. To protect the sheep dingoes must be killed, especially in some parts of the country. In some districts much money is spent on hunting and killing them. Australian hunters love to tell stories of how they killed cunning old dingoes.

In colour it is reddish brown or yellow. Its feet and the end of its tail are whitish. Scientists think that it was once a pet dog of the aborigines, but then it went wild.

Dingoes have been kept as pets many times. When they are young, they are playful and amusing like any young dog. But the grown dingo can always run away and then go wild. They kill people's hens and chickens, even cats and small dogs. So the keeping of pet dingoes is not allowed in most parts of Australia.

7. The Strange World of Australian Animals

Australia has been called "the land of differences" and "the continent of contrasts". It certainly is both. There are many ways in which it is different from other countries.

The first thing most people think of are the strange native animals. Early in the world's history Australia was separated from the other continents and her animals developed differently. Of these, the strangest of all are the waterloving platypus and the echidna. The ap¬pearance of the platypus is so unusual that when the skin of one was first sent to England some scientists said that no such animal could possibly exist.

Australia