Экономические отношения между Россией и Казахстаном

МОСКОВСКИЙ ГОРОДСКОЙ ЮРИДИЧЕСКИЙ ИНСТИТУТ

Факультет юридический

Специальность: Финансы и кредит

РЕФЕРАТ

по дисциплине:

"Иностранный язык" (Английский язык)

На тему: "Экономические отношения между Россией

и Казахстаном"

студент

группа

Проверил__: _____________________________________________

(уч. степень, звание, Ф.И.О.)

______________________________

(подпись, дата)

Москва 2005

СОДЕРЖАНИЕ

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN KAZAKHSTAN AND RUSSIA 3

ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ ОТНОШЕНИЯ МЕЖДУ РОССИЕЙ

И КАЗАХСТАНОМ 6

СЛОВАРЬ 10

ЛИТЕРАТУРА 11

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN KAZAKHSTAN AND RUSSIA

In a context of events, which have taken place in region after September 11, the role of Russia in Central Asia a little has varied, as well as all has varied geo-political formulated in region last years.

In these conditions of one of important external policies of tasks of Kazakh-stan is the adjusting of tactics and strategy in ratios with Russia, which would cor-respond by modern geopolitical realities and long-term interests of our country.

Central Asia and Caspian Sea go into a region of traditional interests of Rus-sia.

In this region it always had the important national interests, which, however, in different periods were defined by different circumstances and factors.

The key interests of Russia in this region at the present stage can be reduced to the following.

Central Asia has the important value in a safety of Russia.

The importance of this region for Russia is stipulated not oil but the factor implying from desire to save influence on Caspian Sea;

Kazakhstan region is of interest for Russia territory, where its compatriots live. Are those, on our sight three dominating interest of Russian Federation, dominating, Caspian – Central Asia region at the present stage. It in this region has also other interests trade, cosmotron of “Baikonur”, industrial communications etc. but now in basic they carry not so priority character.

Until recently Russia ensured above-mentioned interests without the special efforts. All countries of region in the majority were that or are otherwise dependent on Russian Federation. But the events, which have occurred after September of the last year, have brought in serious enough variations to a geopolitical situation in Central Asia and have affected on common position of forces in region.

One of the occurred key variations consists in that the break in sphere of tra-ditional vital interests of Russia is watched which today faces to necessity Central Asia of policy.

As a whole by 2001 in Central Asia the private tripartite balance between in-terests of Russia, China and USA was folded.

The given balance can figuratively be presented as a triangle, in which upper corner Russia, in one lower corner - USA, in the friend - China settled down. These countries have occupied three strategic niches in Caspian – Central Asia re-gion: military-political, oil and gas, commodity-raw.

The Russian presence at region last years was ensured, first of all, with stra-tegic military-political component. A peaking of a problem extremism and the ter-rorisms in Central Asia, activation Islamic of driving of Uzbekistan, irreconcilable part of Integrated Tadjik opposition at immediate support Talib have established in 1999 - 2001 real threat for the countries of region.

In these conditions only Russia was considered by the states of region as the real factor of safety. It is enough to recollect, that these years intensive two-sided ratios in military and military-engineering sphere were especially made active.

Thus, USA has occupied oil and gases niche in the region, and Russia and China by virtue of economic circumstances could not compete with it in this direc-tion.

In this geopolitical triangle Russia all the same occupied a little bit dominat-ing positions. This majoring in many respects was determined by strategic mili-tary-political component, which role in the international ratios is traditionally high.

In a context of a common global situation Russia forced to be reconciled with a determination of military basses of USA in region of its traditional interests.

Taking into account all these circumstances, Russia faces to necessity of the policy in Central Asia. The further prolongation above-mentioned tendencies will have painful enough consequences for it.

Despite of some variation of a role of Russia in Central Asia, for Kazakhstan the strategic interests in a ratio of Russia continue to be saved.

The necessity of activation of ratios with Russia and holding of constructive cooperating on much important directions for Kazakhstan is dictated as well by that in case of essential weakening of Russia in Central Asia it will be fraught with negative consequences. The situation in region can become unstable and badly forecast.

In the whole traditional interests of Kazakhstan in a ratio of Russia are founded on four factors having long-time character.

First, the maintenance partner of ratios with Russia is necessary valid inter-continental of an arrangement of Kazakhstan, for which the exit on the world mar-ket is vital for an economic development. Russia in this respect occupies the stra-tegically important position; being by the state, on which region pass vital strategy of transport and communication.

Secondly, Russia is one of the important subjects of the international system, having significant political weight and rather large military-engineering opportuni-ties. The Russian factor in many respects determines external policy in a situation around of Kazakhstan, both on regional, and at the international level.

Thirdly, Russia is the major economic partner Republic of Kazakhstan. It not only imports different production and techniques to Kazakhstan, but also is the market of selling of Kazakhstan production. About 70 % of Kazakhstan industrial potential is involved on economy.

In - fourth, both states are combined with a historical generality, spiritual and cultural links. In region of Russia the man is Kazakh Diasporas including 740 thousand. In Kazakhstan Russians are second on number ethnic group, making about 30 percents of the population of the country.

In this context the Russian direction of exterior policy of Kazakhstan re-mains to one of priority and strategic.

As a whole at the present stage in the Russian-Kazakhstan ratios the follow-ing most priority and perspective directions of cooperating are meant:

• Mutual trade.

• Interaction in oil and gas and power sphere.

• Cooperating in sphere of transport and communications.

• Cooperating in sphere of safety.

ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ ОТНОШЕНИЯ МЕЖДУ РОССИЕЙ

И КАЗАХСТАНОМ

В связи с обстановкой, сложившейся после событий 11 сентября, роль России в центральной Азии немного изменилась, также изменилась геополи-тика, сложившаяся в регионе за последние годы.

В этих условиях одной из важных внешних политических задач Казах-стана является определение тактик и стратегии в отношениях с Россией, ко-торые бы соответствовали современной геополитической обстановке и дол-госрочным интересам нашей страны.

Центральная Азия и Каспийское море входят в регион традиционных интересов России. Этот регион всегда заключал в себя главные националь-ные интересы, которые, несмотря на это, в разные периоды определялись различными условиями и факторами.

Ключевые интересы России в этом регионе в настоящее время могут снизиться, благодаря следующему: Центральная Азия играет важную роль в безопасности России.

Важность этого региона для России обусловлена не нефтью, а факто-ром, подразумевающим под собой желание сохранить влияние на Каспий-ском море.

Казахский регион не интересен для Российской территории, где живут ее соотечественники. Существует три других аспекта: преобладание интереса РФ, господство, Каспийский – Центрально Азиатский регион в настоящее время. В этом регионе есть и другие интересы: торговля, космодром «Байко-нур», промышленные коммуникации и т.д., но сейчас, в основном, они не иг-рают главенствующей роли.

До недавнего времени Россия обеспечивала вышеупомянутые интересы без особых усилий. Иначе говоря, все страны региона зависели и зависят от Российской Федерации. Но события, случившиеся после сентября прошед-шего года, внесли довольно серьезные изменения в геополитическую ситуа-цию Центральной Азии и повлияли на обычную позицию сил в регионе.

Рассматривается одно из сложившихся ключевых изменений, заклю-чающееся в разрыве в сфере традиционно-жизненных интересов России, ко-торое ставит Центральную Азию перед необходимостью политики.

В результате к 2001 году в Центральной Азии было заключено тайное тройственное соглашение между интересами России, Китая и США.

Данное соглашение может быть наглядно представлено в виде тре-угольника, где в верхнем углу расположилась Россия, в нижнем – США, и связывающий их – Китай. Эти страны заняли три стратегические ниши в Каспийско-Центральном Азиатском регионе: